Tuesday, May 21, 2013

The "Life in the UK" citizenship test: is it unfit for purpose?

Castle Cutting Edge: Dr Thom Brooks


13th June 2013, 20:30, Senate Suite, University College, Durham ('Durham Castle')
 
'The "Life in the UK" citizenship test: is it unfit for purpose?'

The "Life in the UK" citizenship test was launched in 2005 and revised in 2007. The test must be passed by anyone applying for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) or naturalisation. Past editions were criticised for factual inaccuracies and their failure to include much information about British history and culture. The third edition was published in March 2013. It is a comprehensive departure in form and content from past tests that raises several serious concerns about the construction of the test. Its inability to meet its central goal as a test of knowledge about life in the United Kingdom renders it unfit for purpose and it is in need of urgent reforms.

This talk launches a new critical report into the problems with the UK citizenship test and how they should be addressed. Thom Brooks is a regular commentator on the test for national and local media. He has first-hand experience of the test as well when immigrating to the UK from the United States. All attendees will receive a complimentary copy of the new report and briefing document for a talk that will enlighten and surprise.

Contact m.r.shaw@durham.ac.uk for more information about this event.

Thursday, May 16, 2013

"Punishment" book launch in the Houses of Parliament

My new book, Punishment, was launched this week at the Houses of Parliament in a Committee Room of the House of Lords. The panel was chaired by my close friend (Lord) Bhikhu Parekh. Speakers included (Baroness) Vivien Stern and Frances Crook. I'm extremely grateful to everyone who took part for a wonderful occasion that I'll never forget. A briefing paper about my book and its contributions for penal theory and sentencing practices can be found here.
 
 
 


Monday, May 13, 2013

"Punishment" book launch and roundtable



. . . kicks off tomorrow evening at the Houses of Parliament. Further details can be found here and anyone interested in coming should contact me so I can register your attendance. The event is free and speakers include Lord Bhikhu Parekh FBA, the Baroness Vivien Stern CBE, Frances Crook OBE and yours truly.

Les Green on same-sex marriage - mandatory reading...and hearing!

Les Green is interviewed at Philosophy Bites about same-sex marriage. These comments stem from his outstanding article "Sex-Neutral Marriage" in Current Legal Problems:

"[Abstract] A different-sex marriage need not be a marriage between heterosexuals, and a same-sex marriage need not be a marriage between homosexuals. This shows how little the law of marriage cares about the sexuality of parties to a marriage; it does not show that sex-restricted marriage laws do not discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation. They do. Neither does the law care much about sex, let alone possibly procreative sex, within marriage. The voidability of a different-sex marriage on grounds of non-consummation does not show otherwise. The formation of a valid marriage was always a matter of consent, not coitus. But what should happen to the doctrine of non-consummation in a sex-neutral marriage regime? It is an anachronism that should be abolished."

Without doubt, the best thing I've read yet on this topic and essential, even mandatory!, reading for anyone with an interest in the topic. Additionally, the Philosophy Bites podcast is a brilliant exchange where Professor Green demolishes any number of myths clearly and succinctly in a compelling tour de force.

Thursday, May 09, 2013

In Defence of Political Theory: Impact and Opportunities

. . . is free to download here and published in Political Studies Review as part of a special issue on impact. The abstract:

This article will present the impact that political theory has made and the opportunities for future contributions. It will consider the contributions made by leading political theorists to policy debates, the lessons learned from their successes, and how political theorists might further pursue existing and new opportunities to develop impact. The discussion will close with consideration of several potential threats that theorists should become more aware of in order to best avoid them. The growing importance of impact in British higher education policy represents important challenges that may help promote the field of political theory. Political theorists should welcome these developments.


Keywords:

  • higher education;
  • impact;
  • political thought;
  • public policy;
  • stakeholding

JOB: Durham

Lecturer in Law

Durham University - Durham Law School

Salary: £30,424 per annum

Durham Law School seeks to appoint a Lecturer for a two-year period. The Law School welcomes applications from scholars working in any area of legal scholarship who demonstrate exceptional promise, although the ability to teach in the field of private law would be welcome. This post is a fixed-term replacement for Professor William Lucy during his time as a Leverhulme Research Fellow.

Durham University is consistently ranked among the top 100 universities in the world, and Durham Law School is one of the UK's leading centres for legal research and teaching. We ranked joint fourth in the UK in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) in terms of the proportion of research activity ranked at the highest 4* level. The School achieved the top rating of ‘Excellent’ for its teaching in our most recent Quality Assurance Agency inspection, and we are consistently rated one of the leading UK law schools in various league tables. Our academic and research staff, together with our undergraduate and postgraduate students, comprise a dynamic and focused intellectual community. Early career researchers within the School are assigned to an academic mentor and supported in their transition into full-time academic life. Our courses are highly regarded, entry is very competitive and we select a diverse student intake from across the world.

The successful applicant will be in post on or before September 2013.

Applications are particularly welcome from women and black and minority ethnic candidates, who are under-represented in academic posts in the School.

Reference Number: 2450

Closing Date: 9th June 2013

Further details of the post are available on our website (http://www.dur.ac.uk/jobs/)

Tuesday, May 07, 2013

Punishment book launch




Punishment book launch

The Houses of Parliament

Date: Tuesday, 14 May 2013
Time: 17:00-19:00
Place: Committee Room 3, the Houses of Parliament, London
 

Punishment is a topic of increasing importance for citizens and policymakers. Why should we punish criminals? What purposes should punishment serve? These questions and many others will be addressed in this roundtable discussion celebrating the launch of Punishment by Thom Brooks. Panel members include:

Lord Parekh FBA (chair), Labour Peer and former Chair of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain

Frances Crook OBE, Chief Executive of the Howard League for Penal Reform

Baroness Stern CBE, Crossbench Peer and former Director of NACRO 

Thom Brooks, author of Punishment and Reader in Law at Durham University

Attendance is free, but spaces are limited. Please register (subject heading “book launch”) to thom. brooks @durham.ac.uk

Further information about the event is here: http://thombrooks.info/index_files/Page948.htm

Further information about the book is here: http://thombrooks.info/index_files/Punishment.pdf

The Publisher’s website is here: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415431828/

Thursday, April 25, 2013

CONF: Philosophy in Cross-Cultural Context

Durham University, IAS Seminar Room, Palace Green, University of Durham, 11th July 2013

09.00  Tea and coffee and welcome
09.15  ‘Buddhist Conceptions of Compassion’ Simon P. James (Durham)
10.15  ‘Reincarnation and Theodicy’ Anastasia Scrutton (Leeds)
11.15  Tea and coffee 
11.30  ‘Daoism, Nature, and Environmental Ethics’ David E. Cooper (Durham)
12.30  ‘Watsuji’s Phenomenology of Social Space’ Joel Krueger (Durham)
13.30  Lunch
15.00  ‘Buddhism, Science, and Soteriology’ Ian James Kidd (Durham)
16.00  ‘Is Demythologizing Buddhism a Wittgensteinian Project?’ Mikel Burley (Leeds)
17.00  Tea and coffee
17.30  ‘Political Justice: Lessons From Indian Philosophy’ Thom Brooks (Durham)
18.30  Close

Thursday, April 18, 2013

FOR RELEASE: Changes to British citizenship: a useless gimmick about raising fees and not standards

PRESS RELEASE:

BBC News reports today that:

"From October 2013, all those wishing to settle in the UK will have to pass an English language course as well as the existing test on life in the UK.

And that has now been extended to cover applicants for citizenship.

English-speakers applying for citizenship have currently only to take the life-in-the-UK test, which is in English."

The Home Office argues that they are raising standards and providing a new restriction on achieving citizenship by requiring applicants pass a new English language test in addition to passing the "Life in the UK" citizenship test.

These claims are inaccurate -- and demonstrate little knowledge about the "Life in the UK" test.

The test is now in its third edition launched last month. All three editions are designed so that persons that pass the test must have English at a standard of ESOL Entry Level 3. This has always been the case.

The British government will require applicants for permanent residency and citizenship to pass both the "Life in the UK" test and a new English language test from October 2013. Applicants must prove they have English language ability at ESOL Entry Level 3 to pass the new English language test. The new English language test does not, in fact, raise the standard for English proficiency required for permanent residency or citizenship. The existing test already secures this standard. The new English language test will only raise the costs of applications and not improve standards.

The British government also claims that the new test is now a new requirement for citizenship applications from October 2013. This is also inaccurate. The "Life in the UK" citizenship test is really a permanent residency test: it must be passed to secure permanent residency. Passing the citizenship test does not convey immediate citizenship. Applicants must gain permanent residency before applying for citizenship. Permanent residents may apply after one year. The result is that the test is not a new requirement for citizenship applications because (a) all prospective citizenship applicants must have already achieved permanent residency and (b) permanent residency requires passing the "Life in the UK" test which will expand to include a new English language test. So permanent residents will have already had to pass both the "Life in the UK" test and the English language test -- as it already states on page 9 of the current handbook. I note this was published in January 2013 so hardly news in mid-April.

Finally, no journalist has picked up on the problem that a person passing the "Life in the UK" test today will be held to have satisfactory English proficiency. But a person passing the same test from October 2013 will not. Either the government is wrong in its claim the current test guarantees applicants have English proficiency at Level 3 (and so misleading the public) or the future test is a useless gimmick and not raising standards at all (and so misleading the public).

Contact details for any journalists interested in this story can be found HERE.

Wednesday, April 17, 2013

In Defence of Political Theory!!

My latest piece has been published today: "In Defence of Political Theory: Impact and Opportunities" with Political Studies Review -

This article will present the impact that political theory has made and the opportunities for future contributions. It will consider the contributions made by leading political theorists to policy debates, the lessons learned from their successes, and how political theorists might further pursue existing and new opportunities to develop impact. The discussion will close with consideration of several potential threats that theorists should become more aware of in order to best avoid them. The growing importance of impact in British higher education policy represents important challenges that may help promote the field of political theory. Political theorists should welcome these developments.

Clement Attlee


A former Prime Minister whose great legacy remains that shaped the future of Britain for the better. And the Queen didn't attend his funeral nor was it a state occasion. #JustSaying

Tuesday, April 16, 2013

The Resource Curse and Separation of Powers

. . . is my new piece for the Ethics & International Affairs blog here.

Lecturer/Senior Lecturer in Property and Trusts

. . . is now being advertised at Durham Law School and can be found here (ref # 2612). It is a permanent position with a salary in the range of £30,424 to £53,233 (or US$46,555 to $81,457). Deadline for applications is 17 May 2013.


Job Description
 
Durham Law School seeks to appoint a Lecturer/Senior Lecturer in Property and Trusts. The person appointed to this post will be an exceptional scholar with research and teaching interests that align with the person specification for the post. She or he will join one of the UK’s leading law schools and the broader community of scholars in Durham making up a Global Top 100 University.  At Durham Law School we value all methodological approaches to legal research and are a vibrant community of imaginative scholars working at the frontiers of legal knowledge. Our work is supported by numerous research centres and clusters, including the Institute of Commercial and Corporate Law (www.dur.ac.uk/law/research). Research undertaken in Durham Law School is published at the highest international levels and deeply influential in law, policy, advocacy and theoretical developments. Our intellectual community comprises a highly international body of academic staff working together with a large and diverse group of postgraduate research students. Our courses are highly regarded, entry is very competitive and we select an excellent student intake from across the world.

The appointee to this post will both benefit from and contribute to the continued development of our intensive and collegial School. The successful applicant will be in post on or before 1 September 2013.

Applications are particularly welcome from women and black and minority ethnic candidates, who are under-represented in academic posts in the University.

Responsibilities

The successful applicant will pursue research leading to publications that are internationally excellent/world-leading in terms of originality, significance and rigour; demonstrate the capacity to pursue suitable funding opportunities to support their research; contribute appropriately to the delivery of research postgraduate supervision; contribute to curriculum development and teaching on the Undergraduate or LLM programmes in the Law School; and undertake administrative responsibilities as allocated by the Head of School. Appointees will become active members of the dynamic and innovative community of scholarship in Durham Law School, which includes a number of research groups that act as a focus for scholarly activity.

Person Specification

For appointment at all levels

• Good first degree in law or a cognate discipline (E)
• Completed or close to completion of a research postgraduate degree or equivalent in law or a cognate discipline (E)
For appointment at Grade 7
• Demonstrated potential to produce and publish research outputs of international excellence or world-leading in terms of quality, originality, significance and rigour (E)
• Demonstrable potential for producing research that generates impact (broadly understood) beyond the academic community (E)
• Demonstrable ability to provide excellent, research-led teaching including in the fields of property and trusts (E)
• An ability to submit (including in collaboration with others) viable bids for external funding (E)
• Capacity to undertake and lead in administrative positions within the School (E)
• Demonstrable commitment to collegiality and (peer) mentorship (E)

For appointment at Grade 8

• Record of producing and publishing research outputs of international excellence or world-leading in terms of quality, originality, significance and rigour (E)
• A record of producing research that generates impact (broadly understood) beyond the academic community (E)
• Experience of providing excellent, research-led teaching including in the fields of property and trusts (E)
• The ability to attract and successfully supervise doctoral students (E)
• A record of submitting (including in collaboration with others) viable bids for external funding (E)
• Experience of successfully undertaking administrative roles (E)
• Demonstrable commitment to collegiality and (peer) mentorship (E)

For appointment at Grade 9 (Senior Lecturer)

• An established profile of important and innovative research and publications which are internationally excellent and influential in their originality, significance and rigour (E)
• A track record generating externally sourced research funding with a demonstrated potential to continue to generate such funding (E)
• A record of producing research that generates impact (broadly understood) beyond the academic community (E)
• An established record of providing excellent, research-led teaching including in the fields of property and trusts (E)
• Clear evidence of the ability to attract and successfully supervise doctoral students (E)
• Evidence of academic leadership and experience of successfully undertaking administrative roles (E)

Sunday, April 14, 2013

What is your university like?

My Durham colleague Mathias Siems has a fantastic piece on what Google searches look like for different universities here.

Tuesday, April 09, 2013

Editor's Cut: The Future of Philosophical Research According to Journal Editors

This is a special issue of the journal Metaphilosophy with papers drawn from an engaging and illuminating conference held at the University of London. The issue contains papers by journal editors that outline their perspectives on the next major developments in academic philosophy. The issue can be found here. The contents include (amongst others):

"Introduction" - Luciano Floridi

"What is A Philosophical Question?" - Luciano Floridi

"Whither Philosophy?" - Robert Stern

"Philosophy of Science A Personal Peek into the Future" - Steven French & Michela Massimi

"The Future of Philosophy" - Tim Mulgan

"Philosophy Unbound: The Idea of Global Philosophy" - Thom Brooks

"Scientific Philosophy, Mathematical Philosophy, and All That" - Hannes Leitgeb

"Trends and Progress in Philosophy" - Matti Eklund

Special thanks to the UCD School of Philosophy

Many special thanks to the  University College Dublin School of Philosophy for hosting my talk on 'The Unified Theory of Punishment', an early overview of a current book project. UCD has a particularly special importance for me as the place where - philosophically - things really started to come together. My ideas on Hegel and punishment were first launched at this time - and I spent about a year as managing editor of the International Journal of Philosophical Studies which helped prepare me for launching the Journal of Moral Philosophy a few years later.

As usual, the questions and discussion was brilliant and engaging. Always a real joy to return - and many, many thanks to the School for the kind invitation and generous hospitality. My home away from home.

Congratulations to Lord Justice Hughes

Lord Justice Hughes is a Durham alumnus and also a former lecturer at Durham Law School. He is sworn in today as a member of the UK Supreme Court.

There is a Durham University piece on this story here.

Monday, April 08, 2013

Many thanks to Brian Leiter

. . . for noting my recent work on the flawed "Life in the UK" citizenship test here. Much more to come -- and I have a special announcement to be made shortly . . .

Thursday, April 04, 2013

Continuing problems with launch of "Life in the United Kingdom" citizenship test

Readers will know about recent posts (with links below) to my interviews and commentary on problems with the launch of the new Life in the United Kingdom citizenship test. The problems continue.

The launch of the new third edition of the test was on 25th of March. The official handbook was available for purchase -- the test questions are designed to test knowledge gained from the handbook -- but the other books were NOT available for the launch.

Today, I have received the following message from TSO:

"[....] ITEMS DISPATCHED TODAY

Title: Passing the life in the UK test: a guide for new residents official practice questions and answers 2013 ed
ISBN: 0113413432 / 9780113413430
Price: £7.99
Quantity: 1

 Title: Life in the United Kingdom: a guide for new residents official citizenship test study guide 2013 ed
ISBN: 0113413424 / 9780113413423
Price: £7.99
Quantity: 1 [....]"

What does this mean? It means that the official sample questions and answers book has only just been published and released -- about TWO WEEKS after the launch of the test(!).

It also means that an altogether new third book - the "guide" for how to sit the test, a book never published before and altogether unknown - has not been available to anyone who has taken the test over the last fortnight.

This is outrageous and possible evidence that the new test has been rushed...and botched. I will announce soon the launch date of my critical and comprehensive report into the many problems with the new test to be held in May.

Tuesday, April 02, 2013

Pub quiz facts citizenship test - or "Life in the UK" (3rd edition)

The National Union of Teachers' conference has criticised the Education Secretary, Conservative MP Michael Gove, for his support of a "pub quiz facts curriculum" that favours rote learning over active learning.

No one to my knowledge has noticed that this view of education may have deeply influenced the new Life in the UK citizenship test, too. The test handbook is now mostly composed of historical facts -- mostly about the activities of men, but even more problematic it contains rich amounts of relatively trivial information.

For example, new citizens are now expected to memorise the years of birth and death of every person mentioned in the 160+ page handbook. This comes to literally dozens and dozens of names. (I'm sure Private Eye will tell us how many in due course...) Plus, new citizens most know the place of birth (hint: not the UK) for Florence Nightingale (who surely deserves mention in a list of the most important British persons in history) -- and where she first studied nursing (hint: also not the UK). Hint: much of the information you must memorise is about world, not British, history.

If such details don't yet strike you as pure trivia, then try this: on which street did Britain's first curry house first appear? What was its name? Who started it? Which foreign army did he serve in? And how did he marry "an Irish girl"? Answers: George Street, London; the Hindoostane Coffee House; Sake Dean Mahomet; Bengal; he eloped. Now I know all this because I'm good at tests, but how relevant is every fact? Note: the problem is the kinds of details -- who slept with who? On which street did they work? What year born and died?

You might say that the "pub quiz facts" analogy is particularly striking for the citizenship test. The test has gone from being testing trivial knowledge (about bureaucratic arrangements and programmes) to the purely trivial.

Another opportunity missed.

Taxpayers' Alliance - director does not pay British tax

The Taxpayers' Alliance has become a growing presence in political debates calling on less government spending and smaller government more generally, as a self-appointed advocate for taxpayers.

So now enter the bombshell that one of its director does not, in fact, pay British tax as reported in The Guardian here. To paraphrase Labour MP Jon Cruddas, we might expect directors of a group representing the interest of British taxpayers to be British taxpayers, too. The fact that this is untrue may be a cause for concern.

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Life in the UK test fiasco continues - 2 of 3 books for applicants still not published

The government launched its new Life in the United Kingdom citizenship test this past Monday. Applicants must answer 24 questions in 45 minutes. They must get 18 or more correct to pass.

Questions test knowledge in the new third edition of the test. See recent blog posts for comments on problems I've identified already.

There is a further problem. There are TWO further books that applicants are recommended to acquire and read PRIOR to sitting the test. The problem is THEY HAVE NOT YET BEEN PUBLISHED. Don't take my word for it. GO HERE AND SEE FOR YOURSELF.

It is further surprising that no one in the press -- to my knowledge -- has yet broken this important story about the deeply flawed launch of the new citizenship test. My hope is that this post will help draw further attention.

Needless to say, the government should never have launched the test until AFTER all three recommended/required books were published so that applicants sitting the test on launch day were not more disadvantaged than persons sitting the test a week or two later.

If this looks and sounds like the story of a test that was rushed too quickly to publication, it might be because this is the case.

Many thanks to SLSA

I'm back from a terrific conference of the Socio-Legal Studies Association held at the University of York. Great papers and great people.

Panel discussion on problems with new "Life in the UK" citizenship test

. . . can be found here and broadcast by the radio station 'Voice of Russia'.

Monday, March 25, 2013

"Life in the UK" debate on Voice of Russia

I was invited to speak on a panel discussing the government's new Life in the United Kingdom citizenship test. Speakers included Peter Hill, former editor of the Daily Express; Prem Poddar - Professor of English; June Bam-Hutchison from the Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past; and yours truly. The discussion was chaired by Vivienne Nunis.

Link to broadcast is here.

UPDATE: Link has been corrected.

Life in the UK: the interviews

I've had several interviews today about the newly launched (and deeply flawed) "Life in the UK" citizenship test. A few links:

BBC Radio Newcastle - from 1:19:20

BBC Radio Tees - from 1:53:35

Voice of Russia - panel discussion

Life in the UK test launched today, but not the books for it

I have received the below message from the TSO about stidy guide and official practice questions. The "Life in the United Kingdom" test launched today -- but the books to assist preparation for it have not!

TSO logo

Life in the United KingdomA Guide for New Residents, 3rd Edition

Contact us

order online

Online

tsoshop.co.uk/LIFE
order online

Email
customer.services
@tso.co.uk

order online

Phone

+44 (0)870 600 5522

Stay up-to-date

order online

Follow us on Twitter
@UK_Citizenship

@TSO_Publishers
Dear Sir/Madam
Life in the United Kingdom: Official Study Guide and Life in the United Kingdom: Official Practice Questions and Answers book - valid for tests taken on or after 20 March 2013.





Thank you for your order for the above publication(s).
TSO has been working directly with the Home Office and learndirect to ensure that all content is accurate before being made available for purchase.
Regrettably these publications are not going to be available prior to the commencement of the new test date (25 March 2013). However we are working very hard to ensure that they are available as soon as possible and will be of the highest quality and of the greatest use to you in preparing for your test.
If you are happy to wait until after the 25 March 2013 for the dispatch of your order then you do not need to do anything. However, our customer services department will assist you in revising your order if your test is due to be sat in the next few weeks.
Please call us on 0870 600 5522 or e-mail customer.services@tso.co.uk and one of our advisors will be happy to help.

Kind regards

TSO Customer Services

New "Life in the UK" citizenship test is "unfit for purpose"

. . . is the headline from this new press release that can be found here. The new test starts from today and its launch is a shambles. For example, two of the three books (including sample questions) are not yet published with delays to their release. The test is highly important -- it is required for any one seeking permanent residency -- so it is all the more alarming that the Home Office is so poorly organized on this launch.

The test is flawed and in urgent need of reform. On its front cover, it claims to be "A Guide for New Residents" but there is little substance to this. The new test has removed requirements that permanent residents know how to report a crime, contact an ambulance or register with a GP. There is no chapter on Education, Employment or Health Care. There is encouragement for new residents to become involved in their local schools - and information on where to learn more about setting up a "free school" - but nothing at all about the need for CRB checks, the different kinds of schools (state, etc.), the different qualifications (GCSEs, A-levels, etc.), school uniforms, etc. The test has gone from testing trivial facts to mere trivia in a departure from being the more practical test it had been previously.

This is not to say I have no problems with the former test. The test required changes. One major problem was that the "correct" answers to many questions were factually untrue. This is because the test had become woefully out of date. So it asked about the number of MPs claiming the "correct" answer is 646 (true when the test was published in March 2007) when it was, in fact, 650 MPs.

The new test addresses these problems by getting it worse. So we learn that there are MPs, but not how many they are -- a convenient solution to getting the numbers wrong is to remove them altogether. But what is strange is that the test does not ask about the number of Westminster MPs, but it does ask questions about the number of parliamentarians in the devolved governments for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Why should new permanent residents be expected to know the number of Welsh Assembly members but not the number of MPs in the House of Commons? This is the kind of mistake usually found in documents that are rushed without proper consultation -- and it will be interesting to see if this is the case here.

I have also been doing the media rounds with interviews on BBC Radio Newcastle (from 1:19:20), BBC Radio Tees (from 1:53:35) and Voice of Russia later today with more likely to follow. Links will be noted when they are online.

UPDATE: A Home Office statement can be found here. It claims that the test has stripped out inessential information and that it focusses on participation in British life. But this is inaccurate. Surely, 'essential information' about 'participation in British life' must include how to contact an ambulance, how to report a crime or register with a GP. This is all missing in the new book. Plus, the book recommends participating in volunteer work at schools with children - even setting up a 'free school' - but says nothing about the mandatory CRB checks that will be required nor anything about the national curriculum, etc. The handbook has struck me as a job rushed and opportunity missed. I would be highly interested to know whether anyone involved in its construction has had experience of moving to a new country and sitting a similar exam. If so, many of the obvious problems could - and should - have been addressed from the outset.